A Coding Implementation of a Complete Hierarchical Bayesian Regression Workflow in NumPyro Using JAX-Powered Inference and Posterior Predictive Analysis

A Coding Implementation of a Complete Hierarchical Bayesian Regression Workflow in NumPyro Using JAX-Powered Inference and Posterior Predictive Analysis

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In this tutorial, we explore hierarchical Bayesian regression with NumPyro and walk through the entire workflow in a structured manner. We start by generating synthetic data, then we define a probabilistic model that captures both global patterns and group-level variations. Through each snippet, we set up inference using NUTS, analyze posterior distributions, and perform posterior predictive checks to understand how well our model captures the underlying structure. By approaching the tutorial step by step, we build an intuitive […]

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Differences between transformer-based AI and the new generation of AI models

Differences between transformer-based AI and the new generation of AI models

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I frequently refer to OpenAI and the likes as LLM 1.0, by contrast to our xLLM architecture that I present as LLM 2.0. Over time, I received a lot of questions. Here I address the main differentiators. First, xLLM is a no-Blackbox, secure, auditable, double-distilled agentic LLM/RAG for trustworthy Enterprise AI, using 10,000 fewer (multi-)tokens, no vector database but Python-native, fast nested hashes in its original version, and no transformer to generate the structured output to a prompt. […]

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3 Questions: How AI is helping us monitor and support vulnerable ecosystems

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A recent study from Oregon State University estimated that more than 3,500 animal species are at risk of extinction because of factors including habitat alterations, natural resources being overexploited, and climate change. To better understand these changes and protect vulnerable wildlife, conservationists like MIT PhD student and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) researcher Justin Kay are developing computer vision algorithms that carefully monitor animal populations. A member of the lab of MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and […]

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New prediction model could improve the reliability of fusion power plants

New prediction model could improve the reliability of fusion power plants

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Tokamaks are machines that are meant to hold and harness the power of the sun. These fusion machines use powerful magnets to contain a plasma hotter than the sun’s core and push the plasma’s atoms to fuse and release energy. If tokamaks can operate safely and efficiently, the machines could one day provide clean and limitless fusion energy. Today, there are a number of experimental tokamaks in operation around the world, with more underway. Most are small-scale research […]

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AI maps how a new antibiotic targets gut bacteria

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For patients with inflammatory bowel disease, antibiotics can be a double-edged sword. The broad-spectrum drugs often prescribed for gut flare-ups can kill helpful microbes alongside harmful ones, sometimes worsening symptoms over time. When fighting gut inflammation, you don’t always want to bring a sledgehammer to a knife fight. Researchers at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and McMaster University have identified a new compound that takes a more targeted approach. The molecule, called enterololin, suppresses a […]

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Apple Researchers Release CLaRa: A Continuous Latent Reasoning Framework for Compression‑Native RAG with 16x–128x Semantic Document Compression

Apple Researchers Release CLaRa: A Continuous Latent Reasoning Framework for Compression‑Native RAG with 16x–128x Semantic Document Compression

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How do you keep RAG systems accurate and efficient when every query tries to stuff thousands of tokens into the context window and the retriever and generator are still optimized as 2 separate, disconnected systems? A team of researchers from Apple and University of Edinburgh released CLaRa, Continuous Latent Reasoning, (CLaRa-7B-Base, CLaRa-7B-Instruct and CLaRa-7B-E2E) a retrieval augmented generation framework that compresses documents into continuous memory tokens and then performs both retrieval and generation in that shared latent space. […]

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Attention Is All You Need

Attention Is All You Need

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Author(s): Luca Derumier Originally published on Towards AI. Attention Is All You Need You’re at a crowded party. Music playing, dozens of conversations happening simultaneously, glasses clinking. Yet somehow, when someone across the room mentions your name, you hear it. When your friend starts telling a story, you can follow it despite the chaos. Your brain is constantly, automatically deciding what deserves your attention and what can be ignored. Image generated by Imagen 4.This article delves into the […]

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Speaking Freely: Benjamin Ismail

Speaking Freely: Benjamin Ismail

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Interviewer: Jillian York Benjamin Ismail is the Campaign and Advocacy Director for GreatFire, where he leads efforts to expose the censorship apparatus of authoritarian regimes worldwide. He also runs/oversees the App Censorship Project, including the AppleCensorship.com and GoogleCensorship.org platforms, which track mobile app censorship globally. From 2011 to 2017, Benjamin headed the Asia-Pacific desk at Reporters Without Borders (RSF). Jillian York: Hi Benjamin, it’s great to chat with you. We got to meet at the Global Gathering recently […]

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How to build AI scaling laws for efficient LLM training and budget maximization

How to build AI scaling laws for efficient LLM training and budget maximization

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When researchers are building large language models (LLMs), they aim to maximize performance under a particular computational and financial budget. Since training a model can amount to millions of dollars, developers need to be judicious with cost-impacting decisions about, for instance, the model architecture, optimizers, and training datasets before committing to a model. To anticipate the quality and accuracy of a large model’s predictions, practitioners often turn to scaling laws: using smaller, cheaper models to try to approximate […]

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