Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, yet early risk detection is often limited by available diagnostics. Carotid ultrasound, a non-invasive and widely accessible modality, encodes rich structural and hemodynamic information that is largely untapped. Here, we present a machine learning (ML) framework that extracts clinically meaningful representations of vascular damage (VD) from carotid ultrasound videos, using hypertension as a weak proxy label. The model learns robust features that are biologically plausible, interpretable, and strongly […]

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arXiv:2602.07224v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this work, we review and analyze both the theoretical and numerical aspects of strongly and weakly coupled thermoelastic systems. By employing spectral analysis techniques and establishing uniform resolvent estimates, we derive uniform polynomial decay rates for the associated semigroups under a suitable class of boundary conditions. Particular attention is paid to the role of modal approximations in energy analysis. The theoretical results are complemented by numerical experiments that illustrate how the regularity […]

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arXiv:2604.15316v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With large language models (LLMs) becoming increasingly prevalent in daily life, so too has the tendency to attribute to them human-like minds and emotions, or anthropomorphize them. Here, we investigate dimensions people use to anthropomorphize and attribute trust toward LLMs across more than 2,000 human-LLM interactions. Participants (N=115) engaged with LLM chatbots systematically varied in warmth (friendliness), competence (capability, coherence), and empathy (cognitive and affective). Warmth and cognitive empathy significantly predicted perceptions on […]

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Advancing AI requires more than breakthrough models. It depends on communities of builders and researchers who experiment, test assumptions, and share what they learn. That belief is guiding how Amazon engages developers and academics around Amazon Nova, Amazon’s portfolio of AI offerings including the Nova models, Nova Forge and Nova Act. Today, two Nova initiatives launch in parallel, each designed for a distinct audience but connected by a common purpose: to help people innovate, build skills, and tackle […]

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arXiv:2603.22341v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While prior red-teaming efforts have focused on eliciting harmful text outputs from large language models (LLMs), such approaches fail to capture agent-specific vulnerabilities that emerge through multi-step tool execution, particularly in rapidly growing ecosystems such as the Model Context Protocol (MCP). To address this gap, we propose a trajectory-aware evolutionary search method, T-MAP, which leverages execution trajectories to guide the discovery of adversarial prompts. Our approach enables the automatic generation of attacks that […]

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In the MNIST auxiliary logit distillation experiment, a student can acquire an unintended teacher trait despite distilling only on no-class logits through a phenomenon called subliminal learning. Under a single-step gradient descent assumption, subliminal learning theory attributes this effect to alignment between the trait and distillation gradients, but does not guarantee that this alignment persists in a multi-step setting. We empirically show that gradient alignment remains weakly but consistently positive throughout training and causally contributes to trait acquisition. […]

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arXiv:2603.06599v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Artificial intelligence pipelines — spanning data collection, model training, deployment, and post-deployment monitoring — concentrate ethical risks that intensify with multimodal and agentic systems. Existing governance instruments, including the EU AI Act, the IEEE 7000 series, and the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, provide high-level guidance but often lack enforceable, end-to-end operational controls. This paper presents an ethics-by-design control architecture that embeds consequentialist, deontological, and virtue-ethical reasoning into stage-specific enforcement mechanisms across the […]

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arXiv:2601.18815v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Prediction markets are often described as mechanisms that “aggregate information” into prices, yet the mapping from dispersed private information to observed market histories is typically noisy, endogenous, and shaped by heterogeneous and strategic participation. This paper formulates prediction markets as Bayesian inverse problems in which the unknown event outcome (Yin{0,1}) is inferred from an observed history of market-implied probabilities and traded volumes. We introduce a mechanism-agnostic observation model in log-odds space in which […]

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arXiv:2603.26727v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Online dating has become the dominant way romantic relationships begin, yet current platforms strip the nonverbal cues: gaze, facial expression, body posture, response timing, that humans rely on to signal comfort, disinterest, and consent, creating a communication gap with disproportionate safety consequences for women. We argue that this gap represents both a technical opportunity and a moral responsibility for the computer vision community, which has developed the affective tools, facial action unit detection, […]

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arXiv:2602.15874v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but remain limited by their reliance on static training data. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this constraint by retrieving external knowledge during inference, though it still depends heavily on knowledge base quality. To explore potential improvements, we evaluated three RAG variants-Standard RAG, DA-RAG, and our proposed Prompt-Enhanced Parametric RAG (P-RAG), a hybrid architecture that integrates parametric knowledge within the LLM and retrieved evidence, guided by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) […]

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