Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks; however, their effectiveness is highly dependent on prompt design, structure, and embedded reasoning signals. Conventional prompt engineering methods largely rely on heuristic trial-and-error processes, which limits scalability, reproducibility, and generalization across tasks. DSPy, a declarative framework for optimizing text-processing pipelines, offers an alternative approach by enabling automated, modular, and learnable prompt construction for LLM-based systems.This paper presents a systematic study of […]

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Automating the development of machine learning algorithms has the potential to unlock new breakthroughs. However, our ability to improve and evaluate algorithm discovery systems has thus far been limited by existing task suites. They suffer from many issues, such as: poor evaluation methodologies; data contamination; and containing saturated or very similar problems. Here, we introduce DiscoGen, a procedural generator of algorithm discovery tasks for machine learning, such as developing optimisers for reinforcement learning or loss functions for image […]

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Credit default risk arises from complex interactions among borrowers, financial institutions, and transaction-level behaviors. While strong tabular models remain highly competitive in credit scoring, they may fail to explicitly capture cross-entity dependencies embedded in multi-table financial histories. In this work, we construct a massive-scale heterogeneous graph containing over 31 million nodes and more than 50 million edges, integrating borrower attributes with granular transaction-level entities such as installment payments, POS cash balances, and credit card histories. We evaluate heterogeneous […]

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arXiv:2601.15348v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Repeated exposure to violence and abusive content in music and song content can influence listeners’ emotions and behaviours, potentially normalising aggression or reinforcing harmful stereotypes. In this study, we explore the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically transform abusive words (vocal delivery) and lyrical content in popular music. Rather than simply muting or replacing a single word, our approach transforms the tone, intensity, and sentiment, thus […]

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arXiv:2604.05129v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper we investigate the exploitability of a Follow-the-Regularized-Leader (FTRL) learner with constant step size $eta$ in $ntimes m$ two-player zero-sum games played over $T$ rounds against a clairvoyant optimizer. In contrast with prior analysis, we show that exploitability is an inherent feature of the FTRL family, rather than an artifact of specific instantiations. First, for fixed optimizer, we establish a sweeping law of order $Omega(N/eta)$, proving that exploitation scales to the […]

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Internal noise in deep networks is usually inherited from heuristics such as dropout, hard masking, or additive perturbation. We ask two questions: what correlation geometry should internal noise have, and is the implemented perturbation compatible with the representations it acts on? We answer these questions through Variational Kernel Design (VKD), a framework in which a noise mechanism is specified by a law family, a correlation kernel, and an injection operator, and is derived from learning desiderata. In a […]

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arXiv:2602.22229v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computation directly on encrypted data but incurs massive computational and memory overheads, often exceeding plaintext execution by several orders of magnitude. While custom ASIC accelerators can mitigate these costs, their long time-to-market and the rapid evolution of FHE algorithms threaten their long-term relevance. GPUs, by contrast, offer scalability, programmability, and widespread availability, making them an attractive platform for FHE. However, modern GPUs are increasingly specialized for machine learning […]

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arXiv:2603.28595v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Although actor-critic methods have been successful in practice, their theoretical analyses have several limitations. Specifically, existing theoretical work either sidesteps the exploration problem by making strong assumptions or analyzes impractical methods with complicated algorithmic modifications. Moreover, the actor-critic methods analyzed for linear MDPs often employ natural policy gradient and construct “implicit” policies without explicit parameterization. Such policies are computationally expensive to sample from, making the environment interactions inefficient. To that end, we focus […]

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