Betting on Equilibrium: Monitoring Strategic Behavior in Multi-Agent Systems
arXiv:2601.05427v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In many multi-agent systems, agents interact repeatedly and are expected to settle into equilibrium behavior over time. Yet in practice, behavior often drifts, and detecting such deviations in real time remains an open challenge. We introduce a sequential testing framework that monitors whether observed play in repeated games is consistent with equilibrium, without assuming a fixed sample size. Our approach builds on the e-value framework for safe anytime-valid inference: by “betting” against equilibrium, […]