Accurate temperature estimation of pouch cells with indirect liquid cooling is essential for optimizing battery thermal management systems for transportation electrification. However, it is challenging due to the computational expense of finite element simulations and the limitations of data-driven models. This paper presents a physics-informed machine learning (PIML) framework for the efficient and reliable estimation of steady-state temperature profiles. The PIML approach integrates the governing heat transfer equations directly into the neural network’s loss function, enabling high-fidelity predictions […]

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arXiv:2604.14363v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal language models systematically underperform on visual perception tasks, yet the structure underlying this failure remains poorly understood. We propose centroid replacement, collapsing each token to its nearest K-means centroid, as a controlled probe for modal dependence. Across seven models spanning three architecture families, erasing text centroid structure costs 4$times$ more accuracy than erasing visual centroid structure, exposing a universal imbalance where language representations overshadow vision even on tasks that demand visual reasoning. […]

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arXiv:2604.14205v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper brings cooperative protocols for multi-agent systems with agents having a finite state-space. Both scalar single-integrator consensus and general LTI systems synchronization are considered. Systems having a finite state-space describe agents with minimal memory capacity processing only a finite alphabet. Such systems are remarkably resilient to communication noise. The crucial problem, however, is to construct the admissible communication topology, which is NP-hard. We address this by efficiently exploring the subsets of admissible […]

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arXiv:2601.12134v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As AI assistance becomes embedded in programming practice, researchers have increasingly examined how these systems help learners generate code and work more efficiently. However, these studies often position AI as a replacement for human collaboration and overlook the social and learning-oriented aspects that emerge in collaborative programming. Our work introduces human-human-AI (HHAI) triadic programming, where an AI agent serves as an additional collaborator rather than a substitute for a human partner. Through a […]

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arXiv:2601.12288v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Probabilistic time series forecasting is crucial for quantifying future uncertainty, with significant applications in fields such as energy and finance. However, existing methods often rely on computationally expensive sampling or restrictive parametric assumptions to characterize future distributions, which limits predictive performance and introduces distributional mismatch. To address these challenges, this paper presents TimeGMM, a novel probabilistic forecasting framework based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) that captures complex future distributions in a single forward […]

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The difference between a professional writer and an amateur is rarely raw talent. It is usually behavior. Amateurs tend to think the gap is vocabulary, creativity, or some mysterious “gift” that makes one person naturally publishable and another not. Professionals know better. Professional writers do a few unglamorous things over and over again that amateurs either avoid, underestimate, or postpone until “later.” That is why pros finish more, publish more, improve faster, and usually sound sharper even when […]

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We introduce surrogate functionals: machine-learned energy functionals for orbital-free density functional theory (OF-DFT) which are defined not by universal fidelity to a physical reference, but merely by the requirement that density optimization with a fixed procedure yields the true ground-state density. Helpfully, training surrogate functionals requires only ground-state densities, no energies or gradients away from the ground state. We here propose a gradient-descent-improvement loss that guarantees exponential convergence of the density to the ground state, and combine it […]

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