Many robot tasks require attending to the history of past observations. For example, finding an item in a room requires remembering which places have already been searched. However, the best-performing robot policies typically condition only on the current observation, limiting their applicability to such tasks. Naively conditioning on past observations often fails due to spurious correlations: policies latch onto incidental features of training histories that do not generalize to out-of-distribution trajectories upon deployment. We analyze why policies latch […]

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[Editor’s Note: We are especially proud of this one. James and his group went above and beyond the call of duty and made a guide from their class that we feel is especially superb for understanding their target paper. Moving forward, he has forced us to up our game because it will be hard to release a curriculum that is not as strong as this one. We highly recommend earnestly studying with this at hand.] A number of […]

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arXiv:2602.06203v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present AnyThermal, a thermal backbone that captures robust task-agnostic thermal features suitable for a variety of tasks such as cross-modal place recognition, thermal segmentation, and monocular depth estimation using thermal images. Existing thermal backbones that follow task-specific training from small-scale data result in utility limited to a specific environment and task. Unlike prior methods, AnyThermal can be used for a wide range of environments (indoor, aerial, off-road, urban) and tasks, all without […]

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If you’ve spent any time on developer-oriented social media or stalking the GitHub Trending page lately, you’ve likely seen a small, purple lobster mascot popping up in every second post. Whether you know it as OpenClaw, Clawdbot, or that brief, fever-dream 48 hours where it was called Moltbot, the project has achieved something rare in the AI era: it has convinced thousands of developers to stop chatting with their LLMs and start giving them the keys to their terminal. As someone […]

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arXiv:2602.04004v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding dataset semantics is crucial for effective search, discovery, and integration pipelines. To this end, column type annotation (CTA) methods associate columns of tabular datasets with semantic types that accurately describe their contents, using pre-trained deep learning models or Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing approaches require users to specify a closed set of semantic types either at training or inference time, hindering their application to domain-specific datasets where pre-defined labels often lack […]

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arXiv:2604.09703v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large-scale multi-agent communication has long faced a scalability bottleneck: fully connected networks require quadratic complexity, yet existing sparse topologies rely on hand-crafted rules. This paper treats the communication graph itself as a design variable and proposes CayleyTopo, a family of circulant Cayley graphs whose generator sets are optimized to minimize diameter, directly targeting worst-case information propagation speed. To navigate the enormous search space of possible generator sets, we develop a lightweight reinforcement learning […]

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arXiv:2510.26046v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Imbalanced data, where the positive samples represent only a small proportion compared to the negative samples, makes it challenging for classification problems to balance the false positive and false negative rates. A common approach to addressing the challenge involves generating synthetic data for the minority group and then training classification models with both observed and synthetic data. However, since the synthetic data depends on the observed data and fails to replicate the original […]

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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures to scale model capacity while reducing computation. Fine-tuning these MoE-based LLMs often requires access to distributed and privacy-sensitive data, making centralized fine-tuning impractical. Federated learning (FL) therefore provides a paradigm to collaboratively fine-tune MoE-based LLMs, enabling each client to integrate diverse knowledge without compromising data privacy. However, the integration of MoE-based LLM fine-tuning into FL encounters two critical aggregation challenges due to inherent data heterogeneity across clients: (i) divergent […]

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Centralized value learning is often assumed to improve coordination and stability in multi-agent reinforcement learning, yet this assumption is rarely tested under controlled conditions. We directly evaluate it in a fully tabular predator-prey gridworld by comparing independent and centralized Q-learning under explicit embodiment constraints on agent speed and stamina. Across multiple kinematic regimes and asymmetric agent roles, centralized learning fails to provide a consistent advantage and is frequently outperformed by fully independent learning, even under full observability and […]

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Blind-spot mass is a Good-Turing framework for quantifying deployment coverage risk in machine learning. In modern ML systems, operational state distributions are often heavy-tailed, implying that a long tail of valid but rare states is structurally under-supported in finite training and evaluation data. This creates a form of ‘coverage blindness’: models can appear accurate on standard test sets yet remain unreliable across large regions of the deployment state space. We propose blind-spot mass B_n(tau), a deployment metric estimating […]

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