Tokamaks are machines that are meant to hold and harness the power of the sun. These fusion machines use powerful magnets to contain a plasma hotter than the sun’s core and push the plasma’s atoms to fuse and release energy. If tokamaks can operate safely and efficiently, the machines could one day provide clean and limitless fusion energy. Today, there are a number of experimental tokamaks in operation around the world, with more underway. Most are small-scale research […]

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Large language models (LLMs) are based on the transformer architecture, a complex deep neural network whose input is a sequence of token embeddings.

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In this article, we explore LOF through three simple steps: distances and neighbors, reachability distances, and the final LOF score. Using tiny datasets, we see how two anomalies can look obvious to us but completely different to different algorithms. This reveals the key idea of unsupervised learning: there is no single “true” outlier, only definitions. Understanding these definitions is the real skill. The post The Machine Learning “Advent Calendar” Day 9: LOF in Excel appeared first on Towards […]

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Agentic AI is changing how we interact with machines.

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Runway debuts a physics-aware world model that simulates reality to train agents and power video, robotics and avatar applications.

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Author(s): Utkarsh Mittal Originally published on Towards AI. Introduction XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) has become the go-to algorithm for winning machine learning competitions and solving real-world prediction problems. But what makes it so powerful? In this comprehensive tutorial, we’ll unpack the mathematical foundations and practical mechanisms that make XGBoost superior to traditional gradient boosting methods. This tutorial assumes you have basic knowledge of decision trees and machine learning concepts. We’ll walk through the algorithm step-by-step with visual examples […]

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