Creating a Llama or GPT Model for Next-Token Prediction
This article is divided into three parts; they are: • Understanding the Architecture of Llama or GPT Model • Creating a Llama or GPT Model for Pretraining • Variations in the Architecture The architecture of a Llama or GPT model is simply a stack of transformer blocks.
Kernel Principal Component Analysis (PCA): Explained with an Example
Dimensionality reduction techniques like PCA work wonderfully when datasets are linearly separable—but they break down the moment nonlinear patterns appear. That’s exactly what happens with datasets such as two moons: PCA flattens the structure and mixes the classes together. Kernel PCA fixes this limitation by mapping the data into a higher-dimensional feature space where nonlinear patterns become linearly separable. In this article, we’ll walk through how Kernel PCA works and use a simple example to visually compare PCA […]
Civil Disobedience of Copyright Keeps Science Going
Creating and sharing knowledge are defining traits of humankind, yet copyright law has grown so restrictive that it can require acts of civil disobedience to ensure that students and scholars have the books they need and to preserve swaths of culture from being lost forever. Reputable research generally follows a familiar pattern: Scientific articles are written by scholars based on their research—often with public funding. Those articles are then peer-reviewed by other scholars in their fields and revisions […]
EFF Stands With Tunisian Media Collective Nawaat
When the independent Tunisian online media collective Nawaat announced that the government had suspended its activities for one month, the news landed like a punch in the gut for anyone who remembers what the Arab uprisings promised: dignity, democracy, and a free press. But Tunisia’s October 31 suspension of Nawaat—delivered quietly, without formal notice, and justified under Decree-Law 2011-88—is not just a bureaucratic decision. It’s a warning shot aimed at the very idea of independent civic life. The […]
New software designs eco-friendly clothing that can reassemble into new items
It’s hard to keep up with the ever-changing trends of the fashion world. What’s “in” one minute is often out of style the next season, potentially causing you to re-evaluate your wardrobe. Staying current with the latest fashion styles can be wasteful and expensive, though. Roughly 92 million tons of textile waste are produced annually, including the clothes we discard when they go out of style or no longer fit. But what if we could simply reassemble our clothes […]
How Virgin Atlantic uses AI to enhance every step of travel
Virgin Atlantic CFO Oliver Byers shares how the airline is using AI to speed up development, improve decision-making, and elevate customer experience.
Amnesty International report details torture, abuse at immigration detention camps in Florida
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