Live Event: Discussing the Fight for Educational Freedom

Live Event: Discussing the Fight for Educational Freedom

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The fight for educational freedom is as old as America itself and rooted in a deep and enduring tradition of parents and communities shaping how children learn. lead , On December 9th, you can join Cato scholar Neal McCluskey for a live online book forum as he and the Head of Education at the Liberty Branch of the Institute for Governance and Civics at Florida State University, James Shuls, discuss their new book, Fighting for the Freedom to Learn, which […]

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Helping scientists run complex data analyses without writing code

Helping scientists run complex data analyses without writing code

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As costs for diagnostic and sequencing technologies have plummeted in recent years, researchers have collected an unprecedented amount of data around disease and biology. Unfortunately, scientists hoping to go from data to new cures often require help from someone with experience in software engineering. Now, Watershed Bio is helping scientists and bioinformaticians run experiments and get insights with a platform that lets users analyze complex datasets regardless of their computational skills. The cloud-based platform provides workflow templates and […]

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The Machine Learning “Advent Calendar” Day 5: GMM in Excel

The Machine Learning “Advent Calendar” Day 5: GMM in Excel

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This article introduces the Gaussian Mixture Model as a natural extension of k-Means, by improving how distance is measured through variances and the Mahalanobis distance. Instead of assigning points to clusters with hard boundaries, GMM uses probabilities learned through the Expectation–Maximization algorithm – the general form of Lloyd’s method. Using simple Excel formulas, we implement EM step by step in 1D and 2D, and we visualise how the Gaussian curves or ellipses move during training. The means shift, […]

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Language Models: A 75-Year Journey That Didn’t Start With Transformers

Language Models: A 75-Year Journey That Didn’t Start With Transformers

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Introduction Language models have existed for decades — long before today’s so-called “LLMs.” In the 1990s, IBM’s alignment models and smoothed n-gram systems trained on hundreds of millions of words set performance records. By the 2000s, the internet’s growth enabled “web as corpus” datasets, pushing statistical models to dominate natural language processing (NLP). Yet, many believe language modelling began in 2017 with Google’s Transformer architecture and BERT. In reality, Transformers revolutionized scalability but were just one step in a much […]

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Eco-driving measures could significantly reduce vehicle emissions

Eco-driving measures could significantly reduce vehicle emissions

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Any motorist who has ever waited through multiple cycles for a traffic light to turn green knows how annoying signalized intersections can be. But sitting at intersections isn’t just a drag on drivers’ patience — unproductive vehicle idling could contribute as much as 15 percent of the carbon dioxide emissions from U.S. land transportation. A large-scale modeling study led by MIT researchers reveals that eco-driving measures, which can involve dynamically adjusting vehicle speeds to reduce stopping and excessive […]

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AI Maps Titan’s Methane Clouds in Record Time

AI Maps Titan’s Methane Clouds in Record Time

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Methane clouds on Titan, Saturn’s largest moon, are more than just a celestial oddity — they’re a window into one of the solar system’s most complex climates. Until now, mapping them has been slow and grueling work. Enter AI: a team from NASA, UC Berkeley and France’s Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers just changed the game. Using NVIDIA GPUs, the researchers trained a deep learning model to analyze years of Cassini data in seconds. Their approach could reshape […]

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